Protein Synthesis

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What is Protein Synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What are the two main stages of Protein Synthesis?

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Transcription and Translation.

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What is Transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA.

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What is Translation?

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The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins, where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and tRNA brings the appropriate amino acids.

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What is the role of mRNA in Protein Synthesis?

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mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is the role of tRNA in Protein Synthesis?

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tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codons.

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What is an Anticodon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA.

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How many nucleotides are needed to code for one amino acid?

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Three nucleotides.

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What is a Codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

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Where does Protein Synthesis occur in the cell?

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In the ribosomes, which can be found in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.