2890 - Unit 3 - CH 7 - 10

At a hardware store, Carmen is helping a customer who asks, “How many inches are in a yard?” Carmen immediately gives the answer without needing to first calculate the number of inches in a foot. Carmen’s skill is an example of which cognitive ability?

• Metacognition

• Elaboration

• Automaticity

• Conservation

Answer explanation

Carmen's ability to quickly recall that there are 36 inches in a yard without calculation demonstrates automaticity, which is the cognitive ability to perform tasks effortlessly and quickly due to practice and familiarity.

Mackenzie is preparing for an important exam and starts to reflect on the strategies she uses to understand and remember information. Which term refers to thinking about how to think?

• Knowledge

• Metacognition

• Abstract reasoning

• Cognition

Answer explanation

The term that applies to thinking about how to think is 'Metacognition'. It involves self-awareness and regulation of one's own learning processes, which Mackenzie is reflecting on.

Harper is helping her younger sibling learn to read. She notices that her sibling struggles with recognizing and manipulating the sounds in words. A skill that is especially related to learning to read well in middle childhood is ______.

• spatial perception.

• inductive logic.

• elaboration.

• phonological awareness.

Answer explanation

Phonological awareness is the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in words, which is crucial for reading development. Harper's sibling's struggle indicates a need to improve this skill for better reading proficiency.

Gricelda came to the United States from Puerto Rico. She speaks very little English and is in a special class that teaches her in both English and Spanish. Gricelda is in which type of educational program?

• Bilingual education

• Multi-lingual education

• LED

• ESL

Answer explanation

Gricelda is in a bilingual education program because it teaches her in both English and Spanish, which supports her language development in both languages.

Isla keeps a journal where she regularly writes about her thoughts, feelings, and motivations to better understand herself. According to Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, which type of intelligence is Isla demonstrating?

• Intrapersonal intelligence

• Linguistic intelligence

• Musical intelligence

• Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

Answer explanation

Isla's journaling reflects her self-awareness and understanding of her own emotions, which aligns with intrapersonal intelligence. This type of intelligence involves introspection and the ability to analyze one's own thoughts and feelings.

Grace is studying for her psychology exam and comes across Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence. She learns that the theory involves contextual, experiential, and ________ intelligence. What is the missing type of intelligence?

• existential

• componential

• referential

• elemental

Answer explanation

The missing type of intelligence in Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory is 'componential' intelligence, which refers to analytical abilities and problem-solving skills, distinguishing it from contextual and experiential intelligence.

Julia is taking a test at school that measures how well she has learned the material covered in her classes. What type of test is this?

• Aptitude tests

• Intelligence tests

• Achievement tests

• Cognitive tests

Answer explanation

Julia's test measures her knowledge of the material covered in class, which aligns with achievement tests. These tests assess what a student has learned, unlike aptitude or intelligence tests that measure potential.

Joy is a third-grade student who consistently struggles with reading assignments, even though her teachers note that she has typical intelligence and no physical or sensory handicaps. Based on this situation, what condition might Joy be categorized as having?

• A form of intellectual impairment

• A communication disorder in quantitative skills

• Cognitive deficiencies

• A learning disability

Answer explanation

Joy's struggles with reading despite having typical intelligence suggest she may have a learning disability, which specifically affects her ability to read and process written information.

Owen is a child in his elementary school class. His teacher notices that Owen is often more physically active and less attentive than his classmates, which leads to academic and behavioral challenges for him. Based on these observations, Owen may be classified as having which disorder?

• Emotional disturbance

• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

• A mild learning disability

• Autism

Answer explanation

Owen's increased physical activity and lack of attention suggest symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by impulsivity and inattention, leading to academic and behavioral challenges.

Scarlett is in middle childhood, and her parents are curious about which developmental tasks are most important for her at this age. Which summary accurately reflects Sigmund Freud’s view of the primary tasks of development during middle childhood?

• To develop friendships with members of the opposite sex

• To form emotional bonds with peers and move beyond those bonds developed with parents

• To develop a sense of competence by achieving culturally defined learning goals

• To expand the process of identification to include a child’s opposite-sex parent

Answer explanation

Freud emphasized that during middle childhood, children should form emotional bonds with peers, moving beyond the attachments they developed with their parents, which is reflected in the correct choice.