Nefrologia

What is a major complication of chronic kidney disease related to potassium excretion?

• Sudden cardiac arrest

• Hypertension

• Anemia

• Osteodystrophy

Which toxins accumulate due to chronic kidney disease, leading to encephalopathy?

• Urea, creatinine, guanidines

• Calcium and phosphorus

• Sodium and water

• Hydrogen ions

What causes anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease?

• Reduced production of erythropoietin

• Increased potassium excretion

• Accumulation of uremic toxins

• Inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation

What is a common cardiovascular complication of chronic kidney disease?

• Hypertensive heart disease

• Osteomalacia

• Peripheral neuropathy

• Respiratory infections

What leads to bone disorders in chronic kidney disease?

• Decreased excretion of phosphorus and activation of vitamin D

• Increased sodium and water retention

• Accumulation of nitrogenous toxins

• Inhibition of neutrophil phagocytic function