PASS W9 Content

In chromatin remodeling, which component is primarily modified to alter gene expression?

• DNA phosphate backbone

• Ribosomes

• Histone tails

• RNA polymerase

In transcriptional regulation, what is the function of general transcription factors?

• To unwind DNA

• To splice RNA

• To recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter

• To synthesize the RNA transcript

RNA processing includes all the following steps EXCEPT:

• Addition of a 5' cap

• Polyadenylation

• RNA splicing

• Chromatin condensation

What does alternative splicing enable a single gene to do?

• Code only for one protein

• Avoid expression in most cell types

• Produce multiple protein isoforms

• Undergo mutation

Which example illustrates RNA editing?

• Splicing out introns

• Converting adenosine to inosine in mRNA

• Degrading mRNA

• Acetylating RNA

In calico cats, the distinct coat color patches are evidence of:

• Chromatin remodeling

• Dosage compensation

• X-inactivation

• Gene mutation

What must occur before a eukaryotic mRNA can be translated?

• It must undergo alternative splicing

• It must be degraded in the nucleus

• It must exit the nucleus through a nuclear pore

• It must bind to a ribosome in the nucleus

Which part of the mRNA most often contains regulatory sequences for translational control?

• Open reading frame (ORF)

• 5′ UTR

• Poly(A) tail

• 3′ UTR

What enhances translation initiation by bringing the ends of mRNA into proximity?

• Binding of miRNA to the 3′ UTR

• Interaction of 5′ cap with ribosome

• Loop formation via cap-binding and poly(A)-binding proteins

• Shortening of the poly(A) tail

Chaperone proteins assist in which process?

• DNA replication

• Transcription initiation

• Protein folding

• mRNA export