Energy and Thermodynamics Exam Prep

Identify the law of thermodynamics associated with the following clue. The only way to reduce an object's temperature is to increase the entropy of the environment

• first law of thermodynamics

• second law of thermodynamics

• third law of thermodynamics

Answer explanation

The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time. To lower an object's temperature, heat must be transferred to the environment, increasing its entropy.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Identify the law of thermodynamics associated with the following clue. Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

• first law of thermodynamics

• second law of thermodynamics

• third law of thermodynamics

Answer explanation

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. This principle directly aligns with the clue provided, confirming that the correct answer is the first law.

Identify the law of thermodynamics associated with the following clue. Energy can flow from a colder object to a warmer object only if something does work.

• first law of thermodynamics

• second law of thermodynamics

• third law of thermodynamics

Answer explanation

The second law of thermodynamics states that energy naturally flows from hot to cold. However, for it to flow from a colder object to a warmer one, external work must be done, aligning with the clue provided.

Identify the law of thermodynamics associated with the following clue. Absolute zero can never be achieved.

• first law of thermodynamics

• second law of thermodynamics

• third law of thermodynamics

Answer explanation

The third law of thermodynamics states that as temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero, indicating that absolute zero cannot be reached. This aligns with the clue provided.

Identify the law of thermodynamics associated with the following clue. A change in a system's energy is equal to the energy transferred to the system.

• first law of thermodynamics

• second law of thermodynamics

• third law of thermodynamics

Answer explanation

The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in a system's energy is equal to the energy transferred to or from the system. This aligns with the clue provided, confirming it as the correct choice.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-1

Choose whether the following type of energy is a renewable energy resource or nonrenewable energy resource. solar energy

• renewable energy resource

• nonrenewable energy resource

Answer explanation

Solar energy is derived from the sun and can be harnessed repeatedly without depleting resources, making it a renewable energy resource. Unlike nonrenewable resources, it is sustainable and environmentally friendly.

Choose whether the following type of energy is a renewable energy resource or nonrenewable energy resource. nuclear energy

• renewable energy resource

• nonrenewable energy resource

Answer explanation

Nuclear energy is derived from the fission of uranium or plutonium, which are finite resources. Once depleted, they cannot be replenished, making nuclear energy a nonrenewable energy resource.

Choose whether the following type of energy is a renewable energy resource or nonrenewable energy resource. hydroelectric energy

• renewable energy resource

• nonrenewable energy resource

Answer explanation

Hydroelectric energy is generated from flowing water, which is a natural and replenishable resource. Therefore, it is classified as a renewable energy resource.

Choose whether the following type of energy is a renewable energy resource or nonrenewable energy resource. geothermal energy

• renewable energy resource

• nonrenewable energy resource

Answer explanation

Geothermal energy is derived from the Earth's internal heat, which is continuously replenished. This makes it a renewable energy resource, as it can be used sustainably without depleting the source.

Choose whether the following type of energy is a renewable energy resource or nonrenewable energy resource. fossil fuels

• renewable energy resource

• nonrenewable energy resource

Answer explanation

Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are formed from ancient organic matter and take millions of years to form. Once depleted, they cannot be replenished in a human timescale, making them a nonrenewable energy resource.