165_09 (Park & Kim)

Who proposed the systematic control theory?

• Sutherland

• Cohen

• Bursik and Grasmick

• Burgess

What subculture develops in places where both legal and illegal opportunities are lacking?

• Crime

• Conflict

• Retreat

• Violence

What is one of the limitations of subculture theory?

• It explains white-collar crime well

• It explains female delinquency

• It is difficult to test empirically

• It ignores group dynamics

What are the main criticisms of social disintegration theory?

• Overestimates individual choice

• Lacks historical examples

• Overlooks structural inequality

• Focuses too much on gender

What is one of the components of collective efficacy?

• Wealth accumulation

• Peer loyalty

• Informal social control

• Anonymousness

What did Sutherland assert in the theory of differential association?

• Crime is inherited

• Crime is biologically determined

• Crime is learned from others

• Crime is a result of media exposure

Which of the following is not one of Miller's focal concerns?

• Excitement

• Smartness

• Opportunity

• Toughness

What is the term that describes mutual trust and willingness to intervene in a community?

• Cultural capital

• Structural cohesion

• Collective efficacy

• Legal cynicism

Which theory focuses on community resources and public bonds?

• Strain Theory

• Differential Association Theory

• Systematic Control Theory

• Routine Activity Theory

What did Cloward and Ohlin combine in their theory?

• Social disorganization and rational choice

• Strain and differential association

• Labeling and feminist theory

• Biological and psychological traits