May 2025 SOL Review #1

When you cut your finger, new skin quickly grows that repairs and replaces the damaged skin cells. Information directing this process is located in the

• mitochondria in neighboring skin cells, which provide the energy needed for mitotic cell division

• mitochondria in neighboring skin cells, which provide the energy needed for meiotic cell division

• DNA of neighboring cells, which divide by mitotic cell division

• DNA of neighboring cells, which divide by meiotic cell division

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

When the frequency of a gene in a population changes, the most likely result would be

• ecological succession

• species extinction

• biological evolution

• genetic mutation

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Different techniques are used to study cells. Fluorescent (glowing) tags allow scientists to visualize specific proteins as they are synthesized inside cells. Which part of a cell would be studied when using this technology to visualize protein synthesis?

• nucleus

• ribosome

• cell wall

• cell membrane

An organism that normally has 32 chromosomes in its body cells is found to be producing gametes with either 15 or 17 chromosomes. It has not been able to successfully reproduce. The most likely reason for its inability to reproduce would be errors during the process of

• mitosis

• differentiation

• meiosis

• cloning

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

An ameba, which is a single-celled aquatic organism, is represented in the image. Which of the ameba's cell structures is the most important in obtaining oxygen from its environment?

• Cell membrane
• Nucleus
• Ribosome

• Mitochondria

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Altering the DNA of a muscle cell in a mouse by substituting one base pair with another could likely

• change all the DNA sequences in the mouse

• change one amino acid in a protein a muscle cell produces

• alter the carbohydrates that the muscle cells’ ribosomes produce

• alter the DNA of the offspring of the mouse

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The human body maintains a balanced internal environment. In order to accomplish this,

• organelles work independently

• organelles work independently

• insulin is produced when protein levels are low

• stimuli are detected, and actions are taken

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

In humans, lactose is broken down into glucose and galactose in the presence of a particular enzyme. It is most likely that the enzyme that breaks down lactose

• breaks down several other types of food in the stomach

• is involved in other reactions when the temperature and pH are ideal

• helps in the synthesis of complex sugars during autotrophic nutrition

• is not involved in other types of reactions because enzymes are specific

The Himalayan rabbit lives in the cold Tibetan mountains. It typically has white fur on its body and black fur on its outer extremities, such as the ears, nose, feet, and tail.

A scientist shaved a patch of white fur off the back of a Himalayan rabbit and applied an ice pack to the area for 30 minutes. The fur in the shaved area grew in black. The best explanation for why black fur grew in the shaved area is that

• the food the rabbit ate during the experiment influenced fur color

• the fur in the newly shaved area was younger than the white fur on the rest of the body

• the ice pack caused a mutation in the genes that regulate fur color

• warm and cold temperatures activate different genes for fur color

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

There are over 200 different cell types in the human body. Each type of cell is specialized to carry out a particular function, but they all developed from the same single cell. This is because each type of cell

• contains different genes than the other types of cells

• destroys the genes found in the other types of cells

• expresses some genes not expressed in the other cell types

• lacks the genes found in the other cell types

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4