Cultural Variations

Who conducted research comparing rates of attachment type in 8 countries?

• Simonelli et al.

• Jin et al.

• van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg

• Grossmann et al.

What did Simonelli et al. find about Italian secure attachment rates?

• Increased to 70%

• Dropped to 50%

• Remained the same

• Increased to 90%

According to Jin et al., what was similar to other studies in Korean attachment?

• Secure attachment rates

• Insecure-avoidant attachment

• Insecure-resistant attachment

• Disorganized attachment

What conclusion is drawn about attachment in the research section?

• Attachment is learned

• Secure attachment is rare

• Attachment is innate

• Attachment is cultural

What is a potential issue with indigenous researchers according to the evaluation?

• They provide accurate results

• They reduce bias

• They introduce bias and miscommunication

• They are not involved in studies

What is a counterpoint mentioned in the evaluation?

• All studies are accurate

• Not true of all cross-cultural studies

• Cross-cultural studies are unnecessary

• All studies are biased

What might confounding variables affect in cultural studies?

• Sample characteristics

• Study conclusions

• Research funding

• Data collection methods

What does "imposed etic" refer to in the evaluation?

• Universal behaviors

• Culturally specific behaviors

• Misunderstood behaviors

• Unimportant behaviors

What is an example of imposed etic in the Strange Situation?

• High affection in Germany

• Low affection in Germany

• Independence in Italy

• Dependence in Japan

What does the evaluation extra suggest about cross-cultural similarity?

• It is due to innate system

• It is due to media influences

• It is due to both innate system and media influences

• It is irrelevant