Natural Selection and Evolution, Ecology

You look at two species and see very similar DNA. What does this likely tell you?

• These are the same animal.
• These animals have a common ancestor.
• These animals are not likely related.
• These animals are likely becoming one species.

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____ is when members of a species that are best suited for their environment survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other members of the species

• natural selection
• artificial selection
• speciation
• adaptation

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What do the similar embryos of human and chickens tell us?

• We both use our bones for the same things, leading to similar structures.
• They had a common ancestor.
• Humans are descendants of wolves.
• It is impossible to tell.

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Do organisms "decide" to adapt?

• Yes, if they don't adapt they will die
• No, they can't adapt.  They either have adaptations or they don't
• No, they adapt by random mutations during their lifetime
• Yes, they can force mutations in one lifetime

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In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown are

• examples of fossils
• acquired traits
• examples of natural variations
• homologous structures

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An adaptation is

• how animals change over time.
• a characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce
• a theory of how organisms change.
• the genes in an organism that determine how an organism is going to look.

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The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called

• genes.
• variations.
• advantages.
• theories.

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Which two organisms are the most closely related according to their DNA sequence?
Critter A--> ATG CTT AAC CCG TTA
Critter B--> ATC CTT TTC CCG TAA
Critter C--> ATG CTA TAG GCG TAA

• Critter A and B
• Critter A and C
• Critter B and C
• They are all equally related

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What causes a species to evolve over time?

• Extinctions

• Inherited genetic variations and mutations

• The cycle of the climate

• Environmental changes.

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Antibiotics are frequently given to humans that have strep throat. Why might this practice be considered a problem?

• Antibiotics will have more side effects
• The human body can metabolize the antibiotic to quickly, not allowing the antibiotic to reach the bacteria.
• A mutation can occur in the bacteria making it resistant to the antibiotic.
• Nothing will happen. It takes thousands of years for bacteria to evolve and become antibiotic resistant.

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