Biology EOC Review Set 5

An isolated population of termites lives in a forest surrounded by mountains.  These termites feed on dead wood, grasses, and seeds.  This food is broken down by species of microorganism that lives inside the intestines of the termites.  Without the microorganisms, these termites cannot obtain the nutrients they need to survive.  One winter, a virus causes most of these microorganisms to die.  As a result of the microorganism’s absence, these termites will most likely ___. 

• Eat different food 
• Decrease to a level near extinction
• Evolve immediately into a new species 
• Develop a new species of microorganism

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The North American gray wolf is a placental mammal and the Tasmanian wolf was a marsupial. Despite being on different continents, they look and behave similarly. The most likely reason these two species occupy a similar niche is ___.

• They experienced the same type of selection pressure

• They are both carnivores

• They were exposed to similar diseases and parasites

• They are genetically identical

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 Why do structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations of individuals become more common each generation?  

• Individuals with those adaptations do not breed frequently
• More offspring with those adaptations survive and reproduce 
• Well-adapted individuals rarely survive
• The alleles responsible for those adaptations increase or decrease randomly 

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

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A litter of guinea pigs can vary in color.  Some are solid white and some are brown and white, while others are black and white.  The color and the pattern of each guinea pig are distinct from those of its parents and siblings.  What process is responsible for the differences seen in each guinea pig?  

• Meiosis
• Mitosis
• Replication
• Translation

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Which process most contributes to genetic variation in a population? 

• Crossing over during meiosis
• Chromosome replication during mitosis
• Cytokinesis during cellular division
• Duplication of chromosomes in asexual reproduction

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

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Which statement best explains the role of meiosis in the production of sex cells?

• To produce cells with half the DNA of the original cell 
• To produce cells that are genetically identical to each other 
• To combine the DNA of two identical cells
• To combine the DNA of two different cells

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Each body cell of a goat contains 60 chromosomes.  The number of chromosomes in a goat egg cell, produced by meiosis, will be

• 15
• 30
• 60
• 120

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In terms of evolution, meiosis is significant because ___.

• Produces gametes
• It provides much of the variation needed for natural selection
• It is a type of cell division
• It reduces the chromosome number 

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The diagram  shows four fossils in different sedimentary rock layers.  If the strata have not been disturbed, which fossil is the youngest?

• Fossil 1
• Fossil 2
• Fossil 3
• Fossil 4

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

A diagram of rock strata is shown.  Which statement best describes the age of the fossils shown in the diagram?

• The fossil in layer one is older than the fossil in layer three. 
• The fossil in layer four is younger than the fossil in layer two.
• The fossil in layer two is older than the fossil in layer one.
• The fossil in layer three is younger than the fossil in layer two. 

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