Quiz about BL 150 Final Exam

Question 1

Which is an example of a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between two hydrogen atoms within one molecule of H_2.

Answer

The bond formed when potassium (K) donates an electron to chlorine (Cl) to become charged K⁺ and Cl^-

Answer

The bond formed between the oxygen and hydrogen of one water molecule (H₂O).

Answer

The bond formed between complementary base pairs in DNA

Question 2

Which is an example of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond formed when potassium (K) donates an electron to chlorine (Cl) to become charged K⁺ and Cl^-

Answer

The bond between two hydrogen atoms within one molecule of H_2.

Answer

The bond formed between the oxygen and hydrogen of one water molecule (H₂O).

Answer

The bond formed between complementary base pairs in DNA

Question 3

Which is an example of a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond formed between complementary base pairs in DNA

Answer

The bond between two hydrogen atoms within one molecule of H_2.

Answer

The bond formed when potassium (K) donates an electron to chlorine (Cl) to become charged K⁺ and Cl^-

Answer

The bond formed between the oxygen and hydrogen of one water molecule (H₂O).

Question 4

Which is an example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond formed between the oxygen and hydrogen of one water molecule (H₂O).

Answer

The bond between two hydrogen atoms within one molecule of H_2.

Answer

The bond formed when potassium (K) donates an electron to chlorine (Cl) to become charged K⁺ and Cl^-

Answer

The bond formed between complementary base pairs in DNA

Question 5

Which of the following elements forms four covalent bonds and is an important building block for all organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

carbon

Answer

oxygen

Answer

nitrogen

Answer

sulfur

Answer

hydrogen

Question 6

Sodium hydroxide is a strong base. When dissolved in water, it will produce:

Accepted Answer

a higher concentration of OH- than H+ ions

Answer

an equal concentration of H+ and OH- ions

Answer

a higher concentration of H+ than OH- ions

Question 7

In the molecule shown, which letter indicates a hydroxyl group?

Accepted Answer

E

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

C

Answer

D

Question 8

Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds because _____________.

Accepted Answer

the hydrogen and oxygen unequally share electrons within the water molecule

Answer

oxygen has two electrons in its outer shell

Answer

the water molecule is shaped like a tetrahedron

Answer

the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water detach easily from each other

Question 9

Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats are true? Choose all and only those that apply. Points awarded for correct choices. Points deducted for incorrect choices.

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats generally solidify at room temperature.

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.

Answer

Saturated fats have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.

Answer

Saturated fats are hydrophilic

Question 10

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Provides structure and catalyzes chemical reactions

Answer

Stores energy and, as steroid hormones, allows cells to communicate with each other

Question 11

What is the function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Provides structure and catalyzes chemical reactions

Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Stores energy and, as steroid hormones, allows cells to communicate with each other

Question 12

What is the function of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Stores energy and, as steroid hormones, allows cells to communicate with each other

Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Provides structure and catalyzes chemical reactions

Question 13

All of the following organic molecules are true polymers except ___________.

Accepted Answer

lipids

Answer

proteins

Answer

nucleic acids

Answer

carbohydrates

Question 14

A newly discovered cell is found to have a cell membrane, DNA, and ribosomes. This new cell could be ______________.

Accepted Answer

either a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell

Answer

prokaryotic cell only

Answer

eukaryotic cell only

Question 15

T/F: Membrane phospholipids are entirely hydrophobic

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 16

A cell with 1% salt is placed in a beaker containing a 3% salt solution. The cell membrane is permeable to water but not to salt. The surrounding solution would be _______ compared to the inside of the cell.

Accepted Answer

hypertonic

Answer

hypotonic

Answer

isotonic

Question 17

A cell with 1% salt is placed in a beaker containing a 3% salt solution. The cell membrane is permeable to water but not to salt. Water will move ________.

Accepted Answer

out of the cell

Answer

into the cell

Question 18

T/F: Phospholipids do not readily interact with each other, and so it takes energy to assemble them into the bilayer structure of the plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 19

During osmosis, water molecules ______________.

Accepted Answer

move from high to low concentration

Answer

move from low to high concentration

Answer

do not move

Question 20

Membrane proteins ______________________________.

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Answer

can be embedded in the cell membrane

Answer

can move molecules across the cell membrane

Answer

can be attached to the surface of the cell membrane

Question 21

The Na⁺-K⁺ pump ______________.

Accepted Answer

moves Na⁺ ions out of the cell

Answer

moves molecules down their concentration gradients

Answer

is a peripheral membrane protein

Answer

is an example of facilitated diffusion

Answer

occurs in the absence of ATP

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true regarding cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

It has both polar and nonpolar regions.

Accepted Answer

It is a component of many animal cell membranes.

Accepted Answer

It keeps cell membranes fluid when temperatures decrease (i.e., get colder).

Question 23

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids, which would normally be enzymatically broken down in people without this disease. Which cellular organelle or structure must be defective in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Rough ER

Question 24

Proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum are not being properly modified, packaged, or transported to their correct destinations within the cell. Which cellular organelle or structure is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Rough ER

Question 25

Certain cells exhibit a significant reduction in protein synthesis and folding due to a lack of membrane-bound ribosomes. Which cellular organelle or structure is most likely defective?
Select one:

Accepted Answer

Rough ER

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 26

Cells in an individual exhibit significantly reduced production of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), leading to impaired protein synthesis. Which cellular organelle or structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Rough ER

Question 27

An individual suffers from a metabolic disorder characterized by extremely low levels of ATP, leading to fatigue and muscle weakness. Which cellular organelle or structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Rough ER

Question 28

Which structures are part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

nuclear envelope

Accepted Answer

golgi apparatus

Accepted Answer

endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

lysosomes

Answer

chloroplast

Question 29

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids

Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Breaking down cellular waste

Answer

Synthesizing ATP for energy

Question 30

Which structure within the endomembrane system is primarily responsible for detoxification and lipid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 31

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found within the __________________.

Accepted Answer

mitochondria

Answer

ribosomes

Answer

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

lysosome

Question 32

In a DNA double helix, nitrogenous bases on opposite strands of the DNA double helix are joined by __________ bonds.

Accepted Answer

hydrogen

Answer

phosphodiester

Answer

ionic

Question 33

All of the following could be part of a DNA nucleotide except _____________.

Accepted Answer

deoxyribose

Answer

phosphate group

Answer

nitrogenous base

Answer

ribose

Question 34

T/F: In eukaryotic cells, the process of transcription occurs in the nucleus

Accepted Answer

true

Answer

false

Question 35

The promoter of a gene ____________.

Accepted Answer

is where RNA polymerase binds to start transcription

Answer

is located after the gene

Answer

indicates the location of introns within the gene

Answer

allows for termination of transcription

Question 36

Which of the following factors is required to initiate transcription in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Sigma factor

Answer

Transcriptional activator proteins

Answer

Mediator complex proteins

Answer

All of the above

Question 37

If RNA splicing does not occur on a primary transcript, then ____________.

Accepted Answer

the mRNA would produce a longer than normal protein

Answer

the mRNA would not last long in the cell

Answer

the mRNA would not be able to leave the ribosome

Answer

the primary transcript would not be produced

Answer

a ribosome would not be able to bind to the mRNA

Question 38

This protein binds to a site in the DNA far from the promoter to stimulate transcription.

Accepted Answer

Transcriptional activator proteins

Answer

General Transcription factors

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

spliceosome

Answer

ribosome

Question 39

This regulatory protein binds to the promoter region and can inhibit transcription by preventing RNA polymerase from binding

Accepted Answer

transcriptional repressor proteins

Answer

general transcription factors

Answer

Transcriptional activator proteins

Answer

spliceosome

Answer

ribosome

Question 40

Which of the following is involved in the process of post-transcriptional regulation by modifying mRNA stability or translating efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

RNA helicase

Answer

Spliceosome

Question 41

In eukaryotic cells, which modification is commonly made to mRNA to promote its stability and facilitate translation initiation?

Accepted Answer

3' poly-A tail addition

Answer

Histone acetylation

Answer

Ribosome assembly

Answer

5' cap addition

Question 42

In eukaryotic cells, which modification is made to mRNA at the 5' end to protect it from degradation and assist in translation initiation?

Accepted Answer

5' cap addition

Answer

Histone acetylation

Answer

Ribosome assembly

Answer

3' poly-A tail addition

Question 43

Which RNA molecule contains information that is translated into protein

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Answer

small nuclear RNA

Answer

microRNA (miRNA) and small-interfering RNA (siRNA)

Question 44

Which RNA molecule is involved in RNA processing

Accepted Answer

small nuclear RNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

microRNA (miRNA) and small-interfering RNA (siRNA)

Question 45

Which RNA molecule can prevent translation of a protein

Accepted Answer

microRNA (miRNA) and small-interfering RNA (siRNA)

Answer

mRNA

Answer

small nuclear RNA

Question 46

When a protein is denatured __________.

Accepted Answer

it loses its shape

Answer

its amino acid sequence is changed

Answer

its activity/function increases

Answer

the protein is immediately degraded by the cell

Question 47

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of __________.

Accepted Answer

both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer

prokaryotes

Answer

eukaryotes

Answer

neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes

Question 48

Which of the following is true of the tRNA's anticodon?

Accepted Answer

Its sequence is antiparallel and complementary to an mRNA codon.

Answer

It is where an amino acid attaches to the tRNA.

Answer

It is an unnecessary part of the tRNA that gets spliced out to produce a functional tRNA

Answer

It is found at the 3' end of the tRNA sequence.

Question 49

Shown is a ribosome with mRNA. The 3 tRNA binding sites are numbered. Which number represents the site where a tRNA carrying the next amino acid will bind?

Accepted Answer

3

Answer

1

Answer

2

Question 50

Shown is a ribosome with mRNA. The 3 tRNA binding sites are numbered. Where does the tRNA bind briefly before exiting the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

1

Answer

2

Answer

3

Question 51

We are _______________ because we obtain both our energy and our carbon from chemical/organic compounds.

Accepted Answer

chemoheterotrophs

Answer

photoautotrophs

Answer

photoheterotrophs

Answer

chemoautotrophs

Question 52

Which of the following best illustrates the second law of thermodynamics in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

Heat being released during cellular respiration

Answer

A plant converting sunlight into glucose during photosynthesis

Answer

A cell using energy to maintain its organized structure

Answer

A protein folding into its functional shape

Question 53

T/F: The effects of a competitive inhibitor on an enzyme can be reversed by increasing the amount of substrate present.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 54

T/F: The effects of a noncompetitive inhibitor on an enzyme can be reversed by increasing the amount of substrate present.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 55

When small molecules are put together to make macromolecules, ___________.

Accepted Answer

ATP is broken down into ADP + Pi

Answer

ATP is synthesized

Question 56

In a metabolic pathway, which of the following occurs when the end product of the pathway accumulates?

Accepted Answer

The end product binds to an allosteric site and inhibits the activity of an enzyme in the pathway.

Answer

The pathway speeds up to produce more product.

Answer

The end product activates the first enzyme in the pathway.

Answer

The end product breaks down to reduce its concentration in the cell.

Question 57

T/F: Each enzyme can bind to different substrates, catalyzing a variety of reactions.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 58

Covalent bonds differ from ionic bonds in that _________.

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared between atoms in covalent bonds but are transferred to one of the atoms in an ionic bond

Answer

Covalent bonds always involve atoms with identical electronegativities, while ionic bonds involve atoms with different electronegativities.

Answer

Covalent bonds occur within the same molecule while ionic bonds occur between different molecules.

Answer

None of the above

Question 59

Would an element with three electron shells and containing a single electron in its outermost shell be more inclined to form a covalent or ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic

Answer

Covalent

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic tenets of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus

Answer

All organisms are made up of cells

Answer

All cells come from preexisting cells

Answer

The cell is the fundamental unit of life

Question 61

Which of the following is a key difference between passive and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient, while passive transport moves molecules down their concentration gradient.

Answer

Passive transport requires energy, while active transport does not.

Answer

Both passive and active transport require the use of transport proteins.

Answer

Passive transport involves the movement of molecules through the lipid bilayer, while active transport occurs only through the cell membrane.

Question 62

Mitochondria are present in:

Accepted Answer

both animal and plant cells

Answer

animal cells only

Answer

plant cells only

Question 63

Genes can be coded on either strand of DNA. Consider the transcribed regions of two genes (Gene A and Gene B). The arrows represent the regions of the genes that are transcribed and the direction in which transcription occurs. For Gene A, which strand will be the template strand?

Accepted Answer

The bottom strand as shown in the diagram

Answer

The top strand as shown in the diagram

Question 64

What would happen if an enhancer sequence were mutated so that its binding partner was always bound and recruiting the RNA polymerase complex?

Accepted Answer

transcription would occur continuously

Answer

transcription wouldn't change

Answer

no transcription would occur, as the site is now blocked to other proteins

Answer

no transcription would occur because the mediator complex could not form

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