Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They contain an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a unique side chain (R group) that determines the properties of each amino acid.

Front

How many standard amino acids are there?

Back

There are 20 standard amino acids that are used to synthesize proteins in all living organisms.

Front

What is a peptide bond?

Back

A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between two amino acids during a dehydration synthesis reaction, linking the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another.

Front

What is dehydration synthesis?

Back

Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of a water molecule to form a bond between two molecules, commonly seen in the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

Front

What role do hydrogen bonds play in protein structure?

Back

Hydrogen bonds are crucial for stabilizing the secondary structure of proteins, such as alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets.

Front

What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids?

Back

Hydrophobic amino acids have nonpolar side chains that do not interact well with water, while hydrophilic amino acids have polar or charged side chains that can interact with water.

Front

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Back

The four levels of protein structure are primary (sequence of amino acids), secondary (alpha-helices and beta-sheets), tertiary (3D folding), and quaternary (multiple polypeptide chains).

Front

What is the significance of the R group in amino acids?

Back

The R group, or side chain, of an amino acid determines its unique properties, such as polarity, charge, and reactivity, influencing the overall structure and function of proteins.

Front

What is an enzyme?

Back

An enzyme is a type of protein that acts as a catalyst to accelerate biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

Front

What is the role of disulfide bridges in proteins?

Back

Disulfide bridges are covalent bonds formed between the sulfur atoms of cysteine residues, providing stability and rigidity to the protein's tertiary structure.