Evolution of Punishment

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor influencing changes in punishment?

• Economic conditions

• Technological advancements

• Religious ideals

• Political ideals

What was the main emphasis of law during the Middle Ages?

• Economic growth

• Public order

• Religious freedom

• Scientific advancement

Which objective of modern sentencing is concerned with reforming the offender?

• Retribution

• Rehabilitation

• Incapacitation

• Deterrence

In modern sentencing, retribution is also known as:

• Just desert

• Restitution

• Deterrence

• Rehabilitation

Indeterminate sentences allow for flexibility in what aspects?

• Type and length of sentence

• Type of crime

• Number of appeals

• Jury selection

Determinate sentences are a response to what type of sentences?

• Fixed sentences

• Indeterminate sentences

• Mandatory sentences

• Probation sentences

Which aspect of sentencing do determinate sentences specifically target?

• Length of sentences

• Disparity and uncertainty

• Cost of incarceration

• Public opinion

What is the intended effect of determinate sentences on sentencing guidelines?

• To make them more complex

• To eliminate them

• To create them

• To ignore them

What is one of the factors that can influence sentencing if weapons were used?

• The type of weapon used

• The offender's intent

• The offender's prior employment

• The time of day the crime occurred

What is a common goal of both determinate and indeterminate sentencing?

• To increase the prison population

• To reduce crime rates

• To enhance judicial discretion

• To eliminate parole