Realism

What do right realists believe is the nature of people?

• Naturally selfish

• Influenced solely by their environment

• Driven only by economic factors

• Naturally altruistic

According to right realists, what is NOT a factor in controlling crime?

• Surveillance

• Laws

• Economic improvement

• Harsher sentences

Who is associated with blaming the welfare state for creating dependency and weakening the work ethic in the USA?

• Ron Clarke

• Wilson

• Murray

• None of the above

What theory assumes that individuals have free will and the power of reason in the context of committing crimes?

• Social disorganization theory

• Rational choice theory

• Strain theory

• Differential association theory

What is NOT a measure to reduce crime according to right realists?

• Neighbourhood Watch schemes

• Surveillance

• Target hardening

• Improving economic conditions

What does the term 'relative deprivation' refer to?

• The gap between expectations and reality

• Economic inequality only

• The deprivation experienced by all members of society

• The lack of relative support systems

According to the text, what causes crime among marginalized groups?

• Too much representation and clear goals

• Effective policing strategies

• Lack of clear goals and representation

• Economic prosperity

What strategy involves cracking down on minor infringements to prevent more serious crime?

• Marginalization strategy

• Zero tolerance

• Relative deprivation strategy

• Rational choice strategy

What do left realists argue is ineffective in detecting or preventing crime?

• Accountable policing

• Routine beat patrols

• Economic reforms

• Target hardening

According to left realists, what is a more effective solution to crime than community-friendly policing?

• Harsher sentences

• Dealing with inequality of opportunity

• Increasing surveillance

• Promoting individual responsibility