Exploring Chromatography and Electrophoresis

What is the principle behind adsorption chromatography?

• The principle behind adsorption chromatography is the differential adsorption of substances to a stationary phase.

• The principle is based on the solubility of substances in a mobile phase.

• The process is governed by the temperature of the mobile phase.

• It relies on the chemical reaction between substances and the stationary phase.

Define Rf value in the context of paper chromatography.

• Rf value is the total distance traveled by the solvent front.

• Rf value is the concentration of a substance in the solvent.

• Rf value is the time taken for a substance to travel in chromatography.

• Rf value is the ratio of the distance traveled by a substance to the distance traveled by the solvent front in paper chromatography.

What are the main applications of thin-layer chromatography (TLC)?

• Color analysis in textiles

• The main applications of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) include compound separation, identification, purity testing, and analysis of mixtures in various fields such as chemistry, pharmaceuticals, food industry, and environmental science.

• Weight determination of solids

• Temperature measurement in reactions

Explain the process of ion exchange chromatography.

• It separates molecules based on their size using a gel matrix.

• It uses heat to denature proteins for separation.

• Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules based on their net charge by using a column filled with charged resin.

• It relies on gravitational forces to separate particles.

What distinguishes affinity chromatography from other types?

• Affinity chromatography utilizes specific binding interactions for selective separation.

• Affinity chromatography uses heat to separate proteins.

• Affinity chromatography is based on size exclusion.

• Affinity chromatography separates molecules by charge.

Describe the basic principle of gel filtration chromatography.

• Gel filtration chromatography separates molecules based on size, allowing larger molecules to elute first.

• Gel filtration chromatography separates molecules based on charge.

• Gel filtration chromatography is primarily used for separating gases.

• Gel filtration chromatography uses a magnetic field to separate molecules.

How does gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) operate?

• GLC separates components based on their color and density.

• GLC operates by heating the sample to vaporize it completely.

• GLC uses a solid stationary phase to trap the components of the mixture.

• Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) separates components of a mixture based on their volatility and interaction with a stationary liquid phase.

What is the significance of HPLC in analytical chemistry?

• HPLC is mainly used for visual inspection of samples.

• HPLC is primarily used for qualitative analysis only.

• HPLC is crucial for precise separation and analysis of chemical compounds in various fields.

• HPLC is not applicable in pharmaceutical research.

Outline the basic principles of agarose electrophoresis.

• Agarose electrophoresis requires a vacuum to operate.

• Agarose electrophoresis separates nucleic acids by size using an agarose gel and an electric current.

• Agarose electrophoresis is used to separate proteins by charge.

• Agarose gel is used to visualize proteins under UV light.

What are the key differences between SDS-PAGE and 2D electrophoresis?

• SDS-PAGE separates proteins by charge; 2D electrophoresis separates by size only.

• SDS-PAGE separates proteins by molecular weight; 2D electrophoresis separates by both isoelectric point and molecular weight.

• SDS-PAGE is used for DNA analysis; 2D electrophoresis is used for RNA analysis.

• SDS-PAGE requires no denaturing agents; 2D electrophoresis requires multiple buffers.