Exploring Chromatography and Electrophoresis

What is the principle behind adsorption chromatography?

• The method is founded on the size exclusion of molecules during separation.

• It relies on the chemical reaction between substances and the stationary phase.

• The principle is based on the solubility of substances in a mobile phase.

• The principle behind adsorption chromatography is the differential adsorption of substances to a stationary phase.

Define Rf value in the context of paper chromatography.

• Rf value is the total distance traveled by the solvent front.

• Rf value is the time taken for a compound to travel on the paper.

• Rf value is the concentration of a compound in the solvent.

• Rf value is the ratio of the distance traveled by a compound to the distance traveled by the solvent front in paper chromatography.

What are the main applications of thin-layer chromatography (TLC)?

• The main applications of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) include separation and identification of compounds, purity testing in pharmaceuticals, analysis of food additives, and environmental pollutant analysis.

• Determination of molecular weight of compounds

• Measurement of pH levels in solutions

• Color analysis in textiles

Explain the process of ion exchange chromatography.

• It separates molecules based on their size using a porous gel.

• It relies on the solubility of molecules in organic solvents.

• Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules based on their net charge by binding them to a charged resin and eluting them with a gradient.

• It uses heat to denature proteins for separation.

What distinguishes affinity chromatography from other types?

• Affinity chromatography separates molecules based on their charge.

• Affinity chromatography uses heat for separation.

• Affinity chromatography utilizes specific ligand-target interactions for selective separation.

• Affinity chromatography relies on size exclusion for purification.

Describe the basic principle of gel filtration chromatography.

• The basic principle of gel filtration chromatography is the separation of molecules based on their size, where larger molecules elute first due to their inability to enter the pores of the stationary phase.

• Separation based on density, where denser molecules elute last.

• Separation based on affinity, where molecules bind to the stationary phase.

• Separation based on charge, where charged molecules elute first.

How does gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) operate?

• Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) separates components of a mixture based on their volatility and interaction with a stationary liquid phase.

• GLC operates by heating the sample to vaporize it.

• GLC separates components based on their density and mass.

• GLC uses a solid stationary phase to trap the components.

What is the significance of HPLC in analytical chemistry?

• HPLC is primarily used for gas chromatography.

• HPLC is only applicable in pharmaceutical research.

• HPLC is a method for measuring temperature changes in reactions.

• HPLC is crucial for precise separation and analysis of chemical compounds in various fields.

Outline the basic principles of agarose electrophoresis.

• Agarose electrophoresis separates nucleic acids or proteins by size using an agarose gel and an electric current.

• Electrophoresis separates molecules based on their color.

• Agarose gel is primarily used for culturing bacteria.

• Agarose electrophoresis is used to measure the pH of solutions.

What are the key differences between SDS-PAGE and 2D electrophoresis?

• SDS-PAGE separates proteins based on charge, while 2D electrophoresis separates them based on size.

• Both SDS-PAGE and 2D electrophoresis are one-dimensional techniques.

• SDS-PAGE is one-dimensional (based on molecular weight), while 2D electrophoresis is two-dimensional (based on isoelectric point and molecular weight).

• 2D electrophoresis is faster than SDS-PAGE and requires less sample preparation.