GEN CHEM FINALS

any process which occurs without outside  intervention.

- any process which occurs with outside intervention

          - needs energy to carry out the process.

– one which can go back and forth between states along the same path

-  is a measure of the disorder of a system

–a property whose value does not depend on the 

                          path taken to reach that specific value.

a state in which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and the concentration of the reactants and products remain constant.

– the ratio of the initial concentration of the products to the
initial concentrations of the reactants using the equilibrium expression

– theory introduced in 1887 by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius, that acids are substances that dissociate in water to yield electrically charged atoms or molecules, called ions, one of which is a hydrogen ion (H+), and that bases ionize in water to yield hydroxide ions (OH−). 

- is any species that can increase the concentration of H+ in aqueous solution.

- is any species that can increase the concentration of OH- end superscript in aqueous solution.