Chapter 8 Buckner

Which of the following situations is an example of using an algorithm to solve a problem?

• Saying, “If I study for the psychology final one chapter at a time, it won’t seem as bad”

• Considering all the possibilities before moving a chess piece

• Comparing two pieces of similar information

• Deciding whom to trust by adhering to the saying, “Don’t trust a stranger who doesn’t look you in the eyes”

Which of the following is true with respect to cognitive maps?

• Cognitive maps are extraordinarily accurate representations of the environment.

• They are especially helpful in navigating unfamiliar environments.

• They are not subject to any cognitive distortions.

• It is possible to create a cognitive map without being able to see the environment.

Which of these statements concerning language acquisition is true?

• There is tremendous variation in the sequence of human language development.

• Humans can learn to speak foreign languages as well as native speakers at any time in their lives as long as they study hard.

• Humans must be exposed to speech before a certain age to learn complex features of language.

• Language acquisition is entirely under genetic control.

When asked why she decided to attend the University of Illinois over all the other Big Ten schools, Dornita said that the school’s proximity to home was a major reason. The importance Dornita places on proximity is called

• expected value.

• utility.

• objective value.

• weighted value.

If you wanted to use logic to reason through a solution to a social dilemma, you would likely use

• a set of heuristics.

• a series of if-then statements.

• cognitive maps.

• mental sets.

The first step in the “circle of thought” described in your textbook is to ________, while the last step is to ________.

• describe; act

• decide; evaluate

• plan; assess

• act; react

Software programs receive information, represent that information with symbols, and then manipulate those representations. Such software constitutes a(n)

• information-processing system.

• natural concept.

• proposition.

• expected value.

James spent months developing a theory of decision making. But in an experimental test, only half of the participants responded as his theory predicted. James concludes that the rest of the subjects did not understand the directions and proclaims that the experiment is evidence in favor of his theory. This is an example of the

• confirmation bias.

• gambler’s fallacy

• conversion effect.

• “eureka” phenomenon.

According to Terman’s concept of intelligence quotient (IQ), a ten-year-old child with an IQ of 50 has

• one-half of the intelligence of the average ten-year-old.

• the chronological age of a five-year-old.

• the mental age of the average ten-year-old.

• a mental age that is lower than her or his chronological age.

Which of the following does not support Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences?

• Different intelligences normally interact but can function independently of one another.

• Biology provides raw capacities that culture and environment enable differently in each individual.

• Modern intelligence tests have both verbal and performance scales.

• Many people with average scores on intelligence tests have exceptional ability in specific areas.