DELTA - Terminology - Methodology

A methodology with an emphasis on learning grammatical and phonological structure, especially for speaking and listening. Relies heavily on habit formation and mechanical repetition.

• Audiolingualism

• Cognitive approach
• Kinesthetic method
• Visual-spatial method

The theory that views learning as a matter of habit formation, where habits are formed when Ls responses to external stimuli are positively reinforced

e.g. pattern drills with positive FB from T to correct answers

• Behaviorist theory
• Cognitive theory
• Humanistic theory
• Psychoanalytic theory

A methodology which is based on the principle that learning a language successfully involves communicative competence. Ts focus on meaningful communication, through the use of integrated skills, where both fluency and accuracy are important, but the memorization of rules is not. 

• Grammar Translation Method (GTM)
• Audio-lingual Method
• Direct Method
• Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

A term to describe a teaching strategy in which the needs of a mixed ability class are catered for by giving students tasks according to their individual abilities.

E.g. A class is given a gap fill text and some of the students are also given a list of answers to choose from. 

• Differentiation Instruction

• Equalization Instruction

• Homogenization Instruction

• Standardization Instruction

A language teaching technique where the teacher models a sound, phonological feature, word, phrase, or entire sentence, and learners are prompted to reproduce it as closely as possible. It can be done chorally, in small groups, or individually.

• Paraphrasing
• Summarizing
• Translating
• Drilling

Selecting techniques/activities for classroom use from a range of different methodologies/approaches

• Using the Direct Method approach
• Implementing the Grammar-Translation approach
• Eclecticism

• Applying the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach

A methodology in which Ls study grammar and translate words/texts into L1 or L2. Ls do not practice communication and there is little focus on speaking. Heavy use of L1.

• Grammar-Translation Method
• Audio-lingual Method
• Direct Method
• Task-Based Language Teaching

The process by which a sequence of words is fine-tuned in order to create a more complex message.

e.g. T gramaticises S - I studied one year > T:I’ve been studying for one year.

• Grammaticization
• Vocabularyization
• Syntaxization
• Punctuationization

An approach to writing where T helps Ss prepare.

e.g. giving a plan to follow; giving ideas for the type of language to use.

• Guided writing

• Writing activities
• During-writing activities
• Post-writing activities

A spoken activity in pairs or groups where one S has info that the other(s) need. Ss have to share the info.

e.g. describe and draw; spot the difference

• Group discussion
• Information gap activity
• Lecture
• Individual writing task