#8

Name:

1. Which one of these statements BEST characterizes the central idea of the Enlightenment?

• art should reflect emotion, not the human form
• the established political order should remain unchanged
• a person's eternal salvation is determined by faith alone
• logic and reason are capable of solving social and political problems

2. Who was the political philosopher who developed the ideas of the social contract based on popular sovereignty in 1762?

• James Madison
• Thomas Hobbes
• Jaques Chirac
• Jean Jaques Rousseau

3. Which movement inspired the French Revolution?

• The Renaissance
• The Enlightenment
• Napoleonic Conquests
• The Russian Revolution

4. John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean Jaques Rosseau all were

• advocated American independence
• French Enlightenment philosophers
• proponents of a constitutional monarchy in France
• influences on the ideals that shaped American government

5. Montesquieu is credited with devising the basic Constitutional principle of

• natural rights
• popular sovereignty
• separation and balance of governmental power
• government was created by man for his own purposes

6. The political theory that people form governments for their mutual protection and that government rules only with the consent of those people is known as

• communism
• socialism
• divine right theory
• social contract theory

7. [I]t is plainly contrary to [against] the law of nature... that children should command old men, fools wise men, and that the privileged few should gorge themselves... while the starving multitude are in want of the bare necessities of life. Rosseau, Second Discourse on the Origins of Inequality, 1755 Rosseau's ideas of "natural law" led to his publication of The Social Contract in 1763.

• greater rights for common people
• harmony between faith and reason
• a return of the primacy of the Catholic Church
• a rebirth of the classical ideals of Greece and Rome

8. Man being born with a title to prefer freedom, and enjoyment of all the rights and privileges of the law of nature, equally with any other man, hath by nature a power, not only to preserve his life, liberty and estate, against the injuries and attempts of other men; but to judge of, and punish the breaches of the law in others. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690 John Locke's writing reflects the ideals of the Enlightenment in that

• men are created with equal rights and responsibilities under the law of nature
• civil society is not possible when men work to protect their property
• there is no private property, and therefore no justice or injustice
• government must be rule by a democracy, rather than by a monarch

9. Man being born with a title to prefer freedom, and enjoyment of all the rights and privileges of the law of nature, equally with any other man, hath by nature a power, not only to preserve his life, liberty and estate, against the injuries and attempts of other men; but to judge of, and punish the breaches of the law in others. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690 John Locke's writing MOST LIKELY reflects the ideals of which movement?

• Enlightenment
• Imperialism
• Liberalism
• Romanticism