C1 - States of matter Revision

Q1. Many chemical processes involve substances in either the liquid or the gaseous state. Which of the following statements is correct?

• A specific mass of a gas has a fixed volume at room temperature
• A specific mass of a liquid has a fixed volume at room temperature
• 25 cm3 of gas contains more particles than 25 cm3 of liquid
• Liquid particles placed inside a sealed container have fixed positions

Q2. Four substances are shown below. In which of these substances are the particles close together and moving slowly past each other?

• Ice
• Air
• Steam
• Water

Q3. A student noted the following observation in his laboratory notebook: “The particles moved slowly from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.” Which process is being described?

• Diffusion of substance in a liquid.
• The particles of a solid during melting.
• A liquid being frozen.
• Diffusion of a substance through air.

Q4. A small amount of bleach was accidentally spilled on a kitchen floor. After a while it was observed that the floor appeared to be dry and the whole kitchen smelled of bleach. Which processes have occurred?

• Evaporation and diffusion
• Distillation and diffusion
• Evaporation only
• Diffusion only

Q6. The following four statements describe the arrangement of particles in a substance. 1 Particles are moving in all directions 2 Particles are arranged in neat rows 3 Particles can move past each other 4 Particles vibrate about their positions Which of the four statements describe the arrangement of particles in a solid?

• 1 and 2
• 2 and 4
• 1 and 3
• 2 only

Q9. Substance X can occur in three different physical states as shown in the diagram. Which statement is correct?

• In state 1 the particles vibrate around fixed positions but don't move
• Diffusion occurs in the phase change from state 1 to 2
• The volume of the substance in state 3 is fixed
• Condensation occurs in the phase change from state 3 to 2

Q10. Matter exists in three states which are solid, liquid and gas. Phase changes occur when matter changes from one state to another. In which changes do the particles move closer together?

• 3 and 4
• 1 and 3
• 4 only
• 1 and 2

Q11. The rate of diffusion of two gases, methane (CH4) , and propene (C3H6) , is measured using the apparatus shown. Which gas diffuses at a faster rate and why?

• Propene since Propene molecules are heavier and so move faster.
• Methane since Methane is a lighter molecule
• Prepene since Propene is unsaturated so is more reactive.
• Methane since Methane molecules are smaller so fit through the hole more easily.

Q12. Hydrogen chloride and ammonia are gases which are given off by cotton wool soaked in concentrated solutions and placed at either end of a glass tube as shown. When the gases react together they produce ammonium chloride, a white solid. Which line on the diagram correctly shows where the ammonium chloride is formed?

• A
• B
• C
• D

Q13. The kinetic theory of matter explores the spatial relationship between the particles in solids, liquids and gases. Which of the following processes causes the distance between particles to increase by the most?

• Melting
• Freezing
• Vaporising
• Condensation