PSYC 638 Session 9 Spring 2023

Behavior Therapy grew out of a frustration for psychoanalysis.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

War World II brought into question the usefulness of psychoanalysis. It's usability was questioned by psychologists (e.g., Eysenck) who believed it would not be effective for most of the general population, and especially war veterans.

Behavioral therapy focuses on ______ behaviors.

Answer explanation

Behaviorists believe that present conditions maintain current behaviors.

Although they might inquire about originating conditions (conditions that first brought about the behavior), the treatment always emphasizes the present.

This concept says that environment influences behavior AND that behaviors can influence the environment.

• Reciprocal Determination

• Maintaining Conditions

• Dead Man's Rule

• Acceleration Therapy

Answer explanation

Reciprocal determinism is a concept that says that it's not only the environment that influences a person’s thinking/feelings/physical state, but their observable behavior also influences their environment.

Which of these directives fail the Dead Man's Rule/Test?

• Don't run in the house

• Stop! Do Not Enter.

• Don't talk to Jenny

• Use a different entrance.

Answer explanation

Remember that the dead man's rule is "If a dead man can do it, it isn't behavior".

You can usually spot behaviors that violate this rule because they will be asking the child to "stop" or "cease" a behavior.

Acceleration Therapy Focuses on What Behavioral Change?

• Increasing the intensity or frequency of a behavior

• Making someone run faster

• Speeding up how quickly therapy works for the client

• Speeding up how quickly the therapist gets paid

Answer explanation

Used to increase the likelihood that a behavior will be shown.

What is it called when a reinforcer is removed and a behavior gets worst?

• Extinction Burst

• Maintaining Antecedents

• Shaping

• Modeling

Janie's mom put hot sauce on her tongue after she bit her nails. What is this an example of?

• Physically Aversive Consequences

• Acceleration Therapy

• Exposure Therapy

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Stickers, chips, and points are examples of what type of reinforcer when using token economies?

• Backup Reinforcer

• Token Reinforcers

Answer explanation

Token reinforcers are the tokens earned for displaying an appropriate behavior.

Backup reinforcers are what the tokens are exchanged for.

A child learns how to engage in a behavior, and its consequences, by reading about a main character in a book. This is an example of?

• Live Modeling

• Symbolic Modeling

• Acting

Answer explanation

Symbolic Modeling:

Symbolic modeling is similar, except that the model isn't a live person. It may be a character in a book, someone on TV/YouTube, who is engaging in a target behavior. The child then sees the consequences of the behavior, and determines whether to accept or reject the behavior. 

Live Modeling

Live modeling involves the child watching another individual demonstrating a target behavior successfully. 

Negative Reinforcement is the same as Punishment

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Negative reinforcement OFTEN gets confused with punishment. 

All reinforcement involves increasing the likelihood of a behavior. 

Punishment does the opposite, by decreasing the likelihood a behavior will be demonstrated by changing the consequences of the behavior