Body & Plant System Study Guide

What are the two types of vascular tissue in plants, and what do they carry?

• The stamen and pistil.

• They are the chloroplast and chlorophyll.

• Ovary and the ovule..

• Xylem-Carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. Phloem-Carries food from the leaves down to the rest of the plant.

Define Transpiration:

• Transpiration is the process of evaporation of water from the leaves of the plant.

• When mRNA is made.

• When proteins are made.

What are the different types of tropisms and their effects?

• Phototropism-occurs in some plants when auxin moves to the shaded side of the plant and causes cells there to elongate more than the cells on the lighted side (the plant grows toward the light)

• Auxin causes elongation on the lower side of the stem and inhibits elongation on the lower side of the root.

• Gravitropism- A plant’s response to gravitational pull where roots grow downwards toward the earth (positive) and shoots grow upward away from the earth (negative).

• Heliotropism- The motion of the leaves or flowers as they follow the sun’s movement across the sky.

• Thigmotropism- A plant’s response to touch-like stimuli or a solid object. Ex. Climbing plants and vines. Plants grow in the direction of constant wind.

What are the different types of tropisms and their effects?

• Thigmotropism- A plant’s response to touch-like stimuli or a solid object. Ex. Climbing plants and vines. Plants grow in the direction of constant wind.

• Nastic Movement- plant movements that occur in response to environmental stimuli

Which structures in a plant produce pollen? The male reproductive structures

• Stamen

• Ovary

• Pistil

• Ovule

What do guard cells do? When would they be open? Closed?

• Guard cells surround the stomata and regulate the amount of water and gas that leaves and enters the leaf. Guard cells would close during periods of drought and would open during periods of heavy rainfall.

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What is self-fertilization?

• Pollen is released from the anther and transferred to the stigma. A pollen tube forms and grows through the style. The pollen tube reaches an ovule within the ovary, where the pollen fertilizes the ovule.

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What are plant hormones called?

• Oxygen

• Sunlight

• Auxins

• Chlorophyll

When the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland in the brain to release of reproductive hormones, which body systems are interacting?

• Nervous

• Integumentary

• Reproductive

• Endocrine

Define Positive Feedback and give an example.

• Positive feedback loops encourage a response to a stimulus to continue in the positive direction. An example would be contractions during childbirth.

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