Chapter 10: Principles of Evolution

What is the term for a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?

• variation

• adaptation

• homologous structure

• vestigial structure

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The beak types of different Galapagos finch species are examples of

• analogous structures

• vestigial structures

• fossils

• adaptations

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All the individuals of a species that live in a particular area are called a

• variation

• fossil

• population

• group

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The remnant of an organ that had a function in an early ancestor is known as a(n)

• vestigial structure

• analogous structure

• homologous structure

• fossil structure

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Charles Lyell developed a theory that states that geologic processes that shaped Earth in the past have stayed the same through time. This is the theory of

• uniformitarianism

• evolution

• catastrophism

• adaptation

What observations did Charles Darwin make about finches in the Galapagos Islands?

• the same species of finches lived on all the islands

• different species of finches lived on different islands

• various species of finches lived on just one of the islands

• identical species of finches lived in South America

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Which scientist developed a classification system for organisms?

• Carolus Linnaeus

• Charles Darwin

• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

• Georges L.L. de Buffon

The tortoise from Abingdon Island, shown in Figure 10.1, would likely be better adapted than the Abermarle Island tortoise to which of the following environments?

• areas with short plants and mosses

• areas with no plants and sand dunes

• areas with lots of taller trees

• areas with only tall trees

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The variations in the features of the tortoise populations on Albemarle and Abingdon Islands, shown in Figure 10.1, are examples of

• vestigial structures

• molecular fingerprinting

• acquired characteristics

• natural selection

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Which theory states that floods and earthquakes have occurred often in Earth's history?

• uniformitarianism

• natural selection

• catastrophism

• artificial selection

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