Darling et al. (2007)

What type of experiment was Darling et al.'s (2007) study?

• Laboratory experiment

• Field experiment

• Natural experiment

Which memory theory did Darling et al. (2007) aim to test?

• Atkinson & Shiffrin's Multistore Model

• Bartlett's Reconstructive Memory

• Baddeley & Hitch's Working Memory Model

• Tulving's LTM Types

Which part of the working memory model did the aim to test?

• Central Executive

• Phonological Loop

• Visuo-spatial sketchpadd (VSS)

Participants were asked to observe the letter "P" which appeared in white boxes on a black screen. Which task was the visual appearance task?

• Identify the font of the letter "P"(how it looked)

• Identify which box the letter "P" appeared in (location)

One of the tasks was to identify which white box the letter "P" appeared in. Which part of the VSS did this task test?

• The "Visual" part of the VSS

• The "Spatial" part of the VSS

Answer explanation

Visuo-spatial sketch pad has two parts. "Visuo-" refers to what things look like and "spatial" refers to the location of what we see in a given space.

Pick 2! They aimed to investigate whether ______ would interfere with recall of a visual appearance task and a spatial location task.

• Viewing black and white pictures of objects

• Counting backwards in threes (eg. 433, 430, 427)

• DVN (dynamic visual noise, black white flashing dots)

• Tapping keys in a figure 8

Which task would be interfered by DVN (dynamic visual noise, black white flashing dots)?

• The visual task (appearance of letter "P")

• The spatial task (location of letter "P")

Which task would be interfered by tapping keys in a figure 8?

• The visual task (appearance of letter "P")

• The spatial task (location of letter "P")

Result: How were participants' ability to do the tasks affected by matching interference tasks? (eg. tapping keys in figure 8 while remembering the location of the letter "P")

• They were faster and more accurate

• They were slower and less accurate

What did Darling et al. conclude from their findings?

• The phonological loop has two separate components

• The VSS processes visual and spatial info separately

• There are multiple types of LTM

• Memory is reconstructed using schema