Learning - Psychology

Pavlov's experiments with dogs yielded information about which of the following?

• operant conditioning

• classical conditioning

• counterconditioning

• latent learning

A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary and unlearned response. In Pavlov’s dogs, the food.

• Unconditioned Stimulus

• Conditioned Stimulus

• Conditioned Response

• Neutral Stimulus

An involuntary and unlearned response to a naturally occurring or unconditioned stimulus. In Pavlov’s dogs, the salivation to the food.

• Unconditioned Response

• Conditioned Stimulus

• Conditioned Response

• Neutral Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that becomes able to produce a conditioned response, after pairing with an unconditioned stimulus. In Pavlov’s dogs, when the dogs linked the bowl with the food.

• Conditioned Stimulus

• Unconditioned Stimulus

• Unconditioned Response

• Neutral Stimulus

A learned response to a conditioned stimulus. In Pavlov’s dogs, when the dog salivates at the sight of the bowl, even when it’s empty.

• Conditioned Response

• Unconditioned Stimulus

• Unconditioned Response

• Neutral Stimulus

Conducted classical conditioning experiment on Little Albert for him to fear a white rat after pairing with a loud noise.

• Albert Bandura

• John Watson

• Ivan Pavlov

• Edward Thorndike

Influential psychologist conducting research on operant conditioning; animals and humans can be trained using positive and negative reinforcement; as well as positive and negative punishment.

• B.F. Skinner

• Albert Bandura

• John Garcia

• Walter Mischel

is an influential social cognitive psychologist who is perhaps best known for his social learning theory, the concept of self-efficacy, and his famous Bobo doll experiments.

• John B. Watson

• Edward Tolman

• Robert Rescorla

• Albert Bandura

Negative reinforcement _______ the rate of a response; punishment ______ the rate of a response.

• Increases; decreases
• Decreases; increases
• Decreases; decreases
• Increases; does not affect

John Watson and his colleague, Rosalie Rayner, offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the _____________ in their study.

• discriminative stimulus
• conditioned stimulus
• unconditioned stimulus
• extinguished stimulus