APES Exam Review

Species diversity can be quantified by using which of the following sets of data about an ecosystem?

• The number of species and the area
• The number of individuals of each species and the net primary productivity
• The number of species and the number of individuals of each species
• The number of individuals of each species and the area

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The goals of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act include which of the following?

• To prevent the unsafe disposal of high-level radioactive wastes at sea
• To prevent the illegal disposal of hospital waste contaminated with infectious agents
• To prevent the unsafe disposal of hazardous wastes on land
• To clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites

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A fig tree that provides shelter and fruit that are essential to the survival of numerous other species is an example of

• A keystone species
• An exotic species
• An indicator species
• An endemic species

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Which of the following would decrease one’s ecological footprint?

• Eating more meat
• Walking to school rather than driving
• Eating more processed and packaged food
• Purchasing a larger home

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Fishing licenses are a legislative attempt to avoid which of the following?

• A tragedy of the commons
• A cost-benefit analysis
• The enforcement of the Endangered Species Act
• A negative feedback loop

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Which of the following does NOT emit greenhouse gases?

• The decomposition of animal waste
• The burning of biomass
• The photosynthesis of oceanic phytoplankton
• The production of photovoltaic cells

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NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

It is determined that a soil sample is composed of 42% sand, 15% clay, and 43% silt. According to the soil triangle, which of the following is the soil texture of the soil?

• Loam
• Clay
• Silt loam
• Sandy loam

Of the following, the largest storage reservoir of the world’s freshwater is

• The atmosphere
• Lakes
• Groundwater
• Living organisms

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In an experiment, a researcher fills three aquariums labeled A, B, and C with seawater collected from a local estuary. To aquarium A, nitrate and phosphate are added. To aquarium B only nitrate is added. To aquarium C only phosphate is added. The results show that algae growth accelerated in aquariums A and B, but not in aquarium C. One conclusion that may be drawn from these results is that

• phosphate is not required for algae growth in seawater
• for algae in seawater, nitrate is a more essential nutrient than phosphate 
• phosphate is a limiting agent for algae growth in seawater 
• nitrate is not required for algae growth in seawater

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In general, far less than 100% of the energy from one trophic level is converted to energy at the next trophic level. This is best explained by

• The competitive exclusion principle
• The first law of thermodynamics
• The second law of thermodynamics
• Resource partitioning

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