MKMS 8th Grade Science Unit 4 Review

MKMS 8th Grade Science Unit 4 Review

-Evolution by Natural Selection

-Classification

-Atoms and the Periodic Table of Elements

Evolution By Natural Selection

• If environmental changes happen faster than the rate a species evolves, it can lead to extinction. 

• A decrease in the number of offspring can lead to extinction.

• A decrease in the genetic variations of offspring can lead to extinction.

• Human activity often changes large areas of the environment so quickly that it makes species unable to adapt to the new conditions and thus they go extinct.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the process of natural selection?

• Overpopulation

• Fossils

• Competition

• Variations

Multiple Choice

A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations is called a(an):

• hypothesis

• experiment

• cause and effect

• scientific theory

Multiple Choice

Remains of ancient organisms are called

• Extinctions

• Fossils

• Mutations

• Variations

Multiple Choice

What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?

• To look different from other species.

• To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.

• To protect itself against predators.

• To protect itself against prey.

Multiple Choice

Genetic differences between organisms of the same species

• Variation

• Adaptation

• Behavior

• Environment

Multiple Choice

When an organism completely dies out, it is called.....

• Adaption

• Extinction

• Fossilization

• Mutation

Multiple Choice

Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better suited to the environment survive and reproduce therefore passing down their genes to their offspring?

• Evolution

• Variation

• Adaptation

• Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

Another word for adapt is ____________.

• change

• create

Multiple Choice

The gradual change in species over time is...

• Evolution

• Nucleotide

• Adaptation

• Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

To adjust to a changing environment

• Mutation

• Adapt

Classification of Living Things

• All life falls into 1 of 3 domains (the broadest / highest level of classification): Eukarya, Bacteria, & Archaea.

• Classification from broadest to most specific: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. An organism's scientific name is made up of its genus and species names.

• Domain Bacteria and Archaea are made of prokaryotes (all unicellular with no nucleus or complex organelles).

• The six kingdoms are: Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi (all in Domain Eukarya), Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria), and Archaeabacteria (Domain Archaea).

• Kingdoms are distinguished by the way an organism obtains energy.

Multiple Choice

Which organisms can you find living in extreme places such as salt lakes, hot springs and deep sea trenches

• bacteria

• Plantae

• Archaea

• Protists

Multiple Choice

Which kingdom contains only multicellular autotrophs?

• fungi

• plant

• animal

• protist

Multiple Choice

What do plants and fungi have in common?

• They are both autotrophic

• They are both unicellular

• They both have cell walls

• They both are prokaryotes

Multiple Choice

Why do scientists classify living things?

• It helps scientists trap species to study

• It is easier to study organisms when grouped

• It is a good way to keep organisms calm

• It is helpful when dissecting an organism

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order of classification?family

• kingdom, domain, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

• domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

• domain, phylum, class, order, kingdom, family, genus, species

• species, genus, family, phylum, order, class, domain, kingdom

Multiple Choice

A heterotroph

• cannot make its own food.

• is able to make its food.

Multiple Choice

What is a prokaryote?

• an organism that has nuclei in its cells

• an autotroph

• a heterotroph

• an organism without a nucleus in its cells

Multiple Choice

Scientists place organisms into domains and kingdoms based on cell type, number of cells, and

• if they are able to grow.

• if they drink water.

• if they have the ability to make food.

• if they are able to move.

Multiple Choice

The 4 eukaryote kingdoms are Animals, Plants, Fungi, and

• Bacteria

• Archaea

• Humans

• Protists

Multiple Choice

What two levels make up a scientific name?

• genus and order

• genus and species

• domain and kingdom

• family and genus

Multiple Choice

What is binomial nomenclature?

• system of 3 names

• system of 2 names

• the names of the kingdoms

• the levels of classification

Atoms, Molecules, Elements, Compounds, and the Periodic Table of Elements

• All compounds can be broken down into simpler substances because they are made of two or more elements.

• Elements of a given type are pure substances because they contain only one type of particle. An atom is the smallest unit of an element.

• The periodic table organizes elements. They are put in order by atomic number. They are grouped into vertical columns (called groups) by similarities in properties. Rows on the periodic table are called “periods”.

• The stair step line (sometimes called the zigzag line) on the periodic table separates metals from nonmetals.

Multiple Choice

This is anything that has mass and takes up space (meaning it has a volume).

• matter

• mass

• element

• energy

Multiple Choice

On the Periodic Table of Elements, this is the number below the chemical symbol and tells you how much mass is in a certain number of atoms for that element (you'll need to use this a LOT in high school chemistry).

• atomic mass

• atomic number

• chemical symbol

• mass

Multiple Choice

This is a one or two letter representation of each element that is generally close to the element's name. The first letter of this will ALWAYS be capitalized.

• chemical symbol

• chemical number

• atomic number

• atomic mass

Multiple Choice

This tells you how many protons are in each atom of a specific element and how many electrons there are in each unreacted atom from that element.

• atomic number

• atomic mass

• chemical formula

• chemical symbol

Multiple Choice

This is the central region of an atom and where protons and neutrons hang out (but the protons and neutrons still follow proper social distancing rules!).

• nucleus

• electron cloud

• The Periodic Table of Elements

• atomic number

Multiple Choice

These are what form chemical bonds as atoms share or take them from one another. They orbit the nucleus and have a negative charge (but they are still happy about things in general).

• electrons

• electron clouds

• protons

• neutrons

Multiple Choice

These hang out in the nucleus and don't really affect the properties of the atom that much. They don't have any charge (so they can't use credit cards).

• neutrons

• protons

• electrons

• atomic numbers

Multiple Choice

These are what determine the properties of every atom and make one element different from another. They have a positive charge (yes, I'm positive that it's a positive charge).

• protons

• electrons

• neutrons

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

This is any combination of two or more atoms from different elements that are chemically combined.

• compound

• molecule

• element

• pure substance

Multiple Choice

Any combination of two or more atoms that are chemically combined is called this.

• molecule

• compound

• element

• pure substance

Multiple Choice

This is the smallest unit of an element.

• atom

• molecule

• compound

• nucleus