Common Causes of Cognitive Bias

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Common Causes of Cognitive Bias

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Cognitive biases are influenced by limits on attention, individual motivations, heuristics, social pressure, and emotions.

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Definition of Cognitive Biases

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Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other people and situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion.

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A person selectively searching through information to find something that aligns with their existing beliefs.

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Bias in information processing.

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Someone covering their ears to avoid hearing information that contradicts their beliefs.

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Avoidance of contradictory information.

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Weighing evidence in a biased manner that supports existing beliefs over contradicting evidence.

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Biased evaluation of evidence.

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Illustration of a person looking at a sale sign with a thought bubble saying "This is cheap!"

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Anchoring Bias: Occurs when people rely too heavily on the first piece of information they receive when making decisions.

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Anchoring bias makes us depend too heavily on initial information when making decisions.

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Initial price offers during negotiations can anchor expectations. This can lead people to accept suboptimal deals.

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Initial price offers during negotiations can anchor expectations.

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This can lead people to accept suboptimal deals.

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Availability Heuristic

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A cognitive bias where events that receive a lot of media coverage seem more likely to occur, even if they are rare.

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Availability Heuristic Cognitive Bias

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A mental shortcut where people overestimate the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.