What is the role of the adrenal glands in stress response?

They release adrenaline and noradrenaline for immediate stress response.

What is the function of cortisol?

It is a stress hormone that helps keep the body on high alert.

A chronic endocrine disorder where the body cannot properly use insulin.

What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?

Heart, blood vessels, and blood.

What is atherosclerosis?

A condition where fat deposits accumulate in the arteries.

What is the primary function of the immune system?

To protect the body from infection and disease.

What is natural immunity?

Immunity that is passed from mother to child at birth or acquired through disease.

What is the role of the digestive system?

To break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, a chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.

What is Crohn's disease?

A type of inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

What is celiac disease?

An autoimmune disorder where ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.

What is the effect of chronic stress on memory?

It can reduce concentration, increase forgetting, and shrink the hippocampus.

What is the relationship between stress and growth hormones?

Stress suppresses growth hormones like testosterone and estrogen.

What is the role of the pituitary gland?

It releases hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including stress response.

What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?

It produces digestive enzymes that break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

What is the significance of the hypothalamus in the stress response?

It acts as the command center, preparing the body for 'fight, flight, or freeze'.

What are the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and alternating diarrhea or constipation.

What is the impact of glucocorticoids on the body during stress?

They block energy storage by insulin, leaving glucose in the blood for energy.

What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?

Hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid and infection by H. pylori.

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

It produces bile for fat digestion.

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Controls balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills.

What is the effect of aging on memory?

It leads to a gradual decline in memory and concentration.

What is the relationship between stress and bone mass?

Excessive glucocorticoids and reduced growth hormones can decrease bone mass.

What is the role of the salivary glands?

They produce saliva to aid in digestion.

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

Main site for nutrient absorption.

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

Helps in interpreting visual information.

What is the role of the temporal lobe?

Involved in processing auditory information and speech comprehension.

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

Involved in planning, coordinating movement, and higher-level cognitive functioning.

What is the significance of the amygdala in stress response?

It triggers automatic fear responses.

What is the impact of stress on the digestive system?

Can lead to disorders like GERD, IBS, and peptic ulcers.

What is the role of the reticular formation?

Regulates sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alertness, and motor activity.

What is the function of the pons?

Connects the brain and spinal cord and helps control respiration.

What is the effect of chronic stress on insulin?

It creates insulin ineffectiveness and instability.

What is the relationship between stress and cardiovascular health?

Chronic stress can lead to hypertension, heart attacks, and other cardiovascular disorders.

What is the role of the thalamus?

Involved in the recognition of sensory stimuli and relaying sensory impulses.

What is the significance of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the endocrine system?

They regulate the endocrine system and hormone production.

What is the impact of stress on muscle repair?

Sustained stress can lead to fatigue and hinder muscle repair.

What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

They regulate nervous system functioning and responses.

What is the effect of stress on appetite?

Stress can alter appetite and lead to changes in eating behavior.

What is the relationship between stress and chronic diseases?

Chronic stress can exacerbate conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and autoimmune disorders.

What is the role of the immune system in disease prevention?

It helps resist invading organisms and infections.

What is the significance of the adrenal medulla?

It produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, critical for stress response.

Human Physiology and Body Systems Flashcards

Student preview

77 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is physiology?

Back

The study of the body’s functioning.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

Back

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Back

The brain and spinal cord.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Back

Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

Back

Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' response.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Back

Regulates various bodily functions including cardiac functioning, blood pressure, respiration, and appetite.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the limbic system responsible for?

Back

It plays an important role in stress and emotional responses.

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