APHG Unit 7 Vocab

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Gender Inequality Index (GII)

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An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the extent of each country's gender inequality in terms of reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market.

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Export Processing Zones (EPZs)

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Zones established by many countries in the periphery and semi-periphery where they offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade and investment.

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Ecotourism

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The goal of ecotourism is to allow countries, usually a periphery or semi-periphery country, to gain revenue through tourism with minimal environmental impact. It involves advertising travel experiences to unique natural environments and enforcing regulations to ensure minimal environmental impact while educating tourists.

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Economic Restructuring

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The decline of manufacturing jobs in the US, the transformation of the economy by technological change, and the process of globalization.

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Dependency Theory

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A structuralist theory that critiques the modernization model of development, based on the idea that political and economic relations (especially colonialism) between countries have created arrangements that control and limit regional development.

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Comparative Advantage

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The ability of a country to produce a good at a lower cost than another country can.

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Commodity Dependence

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An economy that relies on the export of primary commodities (agriculture, minerals) for a large share of its export earnings and economic growth.

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Agglomeration

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Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.

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Break-of-bulk Point

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A location where transfer of goods is possible from one mode of transportation to another, such as from ships to trains.

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Formal Economy (Formal Sector)

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The legal economy that is taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a government's Gross National Product, as opposed to an informal economy.