Reason for Britain's adoption of Free Trade.

To promote economic liberalism and trade efficiency.

Impact of Free Trade on Canada.

Forced Canada to seek new trading partners, leading to increased economic independence.

Purpose of the Reciprocity Treaty.

Allowed mutual trade in natural resources without tariffs, boosting Canadian exports to the U.S.

Economic impact of railway development.

Facilitated trade, allowed year-round transport of goods, and connected isolated regions, fostering economic growth.

Members of the Great Coalition.

George Brown, John A. Macdonald, and Georges-Étienne Cartier.

Problem solved by the Great Coalition.

Addressed political deadlock in the Province of Canada.

Goal of the Great Coalition.

To unite British North American colonies into a confederation.

Conferences involved in Confederation.

Charlottetown, Quebec, and London Conferences.

Provinces included in Confederation.

Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia.

Power division in Confederation.

Federally and provincially divided.

Economic System: Industrial Capitalism.

Main sectors include food, textiles, lumber, iron, and steel, driven by the demand for manufactured goods.

Changes in Manufacturing

Shift to mechanized production, resulting in larger quantities and reduced costs.

Poor conditions, low wages, long hours.

Policies and laws like the Royal Commission on the Relations of Labor and Capital started addressing workers’ rights.

Government and private businesses.

Reason for Investment in Canals

Enabled growth in trade, particularly through the port of Montreal.

Provided rapid access to materials and goods, improved communication, and connected regions.

Intercolonial Railway Impact

Strengthened economic and political ties between provinces.

Forestry Industry After 1860

Transitioned to pulp and paper.

Treaty Supporting Forestry Growth

Reciprocity Treaty helped exports.

Geographical Feature Supporting Forestry

Major waterways supported the industry.

Mechanization Impact on Farms

Increased production efficiency.

Location of Mechanization

Primarily in areas close to urban centers.

Urbanization and Rural Exodus

Definition: Movement from rural to urban areas.

Cause of Urbanization

Industrialization, with people seeking work in factories.

Living Conditions in Urban Areas

Often overcrowded and unsanitary in working-class neighborhoods.

Population moving to cities or emigrating due to job scarcity.

Groups Against Urbanization

The Catholic Church and nationalist groups encouraged people to remain in rural areas.

Advocacy for a rural, farming-based lifestyle. Promoted by Quebec elites and the Catholic Church.

More people emigrated to the U.S. than immigrated to Canada.

Belief in the Catholic Church’s authority over all aspects of life. Key figures include Quebec’s religious leaders.

Historical Events and Concepts in Canada Flashcards

Student preview

54 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Act of Union

Back

Combined Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Reformers

Back

Professional bourgeoisie, including doctors, lawyers, and the French-speaking middle class.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Responsible Government

Back

A system where the Executive Council is accountable to the Legislative Assembly and represents the elected members’ wishes.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Creation of the Reserve System

Back

Provide land for Indigenous people.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Ministerial Instability

Back

1854-1864

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Definition of frequent changes in government with little political stability.

Back

Caused by the absence of a majority in the assembly.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Reason for political deadlock in Canada.

Back

Equal representation from Canada East and Canada West.

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