2013 Released AP Exam (Public)

Front

What is the role of nitrogen-rich whale feces in marine ecosystems?

Back

Nitrogen-rich whale feces supply nutrients for algae in surface waters, which are then consumed by surface-dwelling fish.

Front

What is a restriction endonuclease?

Back

A restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that recognizes specific sequences in DNA and cuts the DNA at those sites.

Front

How does increased breathing rate affect blood pH after exercise?

Back

An increase in breathing rate leads to a decrease in blood CO2 and H+ concentration, helping to restore normal blood pH.

Front

What is apoptosis and its role in embryonic development?

Back

Apoptosis is the regulated process of cell death that helps shape developing tissues, such as the remodeling of the vertebrate forelimb.

Front

What is the significance of ligand binding to receptors?

Back

Ligand binding to receptors initiates cellular responses and signaling pathways essential for various biological functions.

Front

What happens to surface fish populations if whale populations decrease?

Back

Surface fish populations would decline due to reduced populations of algae, which rely on nutrients from whale feces.

Front

What is the function of the Mst II restriction enzyme in DNA analysis?

Back

Mst II recognizes specific DNA sequences and cuts them, allowing for the analysis of DNA fragments through techniques like gel electrophoresis.

Front

How does a mutation in a receptor gene affect ligand binding?

Back

A mutation that changes a charged amino acid to a nonpolar amino acid in the ligand binding site can reduce the binding affinity of the ligand.

Front

What is the relationship between CO2 levels and blood pH?

Back

Increased CO2 levels in the blood lead to increased H+ concentration, which lowers blood pH.

Front

What is the importance of apoptosis in the remodeling of the forelimb during development?

Back

Apoptosis removes excess cells, allowing for the proper formation of individual digits in the developing forelimb.