Cell cycle control and cancer

Front

What phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication, resulting in two complete sets of DNA?

Back

S phase

Front

What checkpoint ensures that all sister chromatids are attached to the mitotic spindle before proceeding with mitosis?

Back

M checkpoint

Front

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is responsible for the decision to rest or divide?

Back

G1 checkpoint

Front

What is the term for a gene that protects a cell from becoming cancerous?

Back

Tumor suppressor gene

Front

What phase of the cell cycle involves the cell increasing in size and preparing to replicate its DNA?

Back

G1 phase

Front

What is the role of proto-oncogenes in cell growth?

Back

Proto-oncogenes promote cell division and growth; when mutated, they can become oncogenes that contribute to cancer.

Front

What is apoptosis and how does it relate to cancer?

Back

Apoptosis is programmed cell death; it helps eliminate damaged cells, and failure in this process can lead to cancer.

Front

What is the function of the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Back

The G2 checkpoint ensures that DNA has been replicated correctly and that the cell is ready to enter mitosis.

Front

What are oncogenes and how do they differ from tumor suppressor genes?

Back

Oncogenes are mutated proto-oncogenes that promote uncontrolled cell division, while tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division.

Front

What is the significance of the M phase in the cell cycle?

Back

The M phase is where mitosis occurs, leading to the division of the cell into two daughter cells.