DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the process of transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA.

Front

What is the process of translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which the mRNA sequence is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide (protein) at the ribosome.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine, while RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA.

Front

How many amino acids are there?

Back

There are 20 standard amino acids that are used to build proteins.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.