PLTW Medical Interventions Unit 4

Front

What is the function of PRA (Panel Reactive Antibody)?

Back

PRA is used to determine the presence of different HLA antibodies in blood, which is crucial for organ transplantation compatibility.

Front

What is a laparoscopy?

Back

A laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that involves making a small incision to insert a small camera for diagnostic or surgical purposes.

Front

Define Xenotransplantation.

Back

Xenotransplantation is the transplantation of organs or tissues from animals to humans.

Front

How many stages are there in end stage renal disease?

Back

There are 5 stages of end stage renal disease.

Front

What is the first step of DNA cloning?

Back

The first step of DNA cloning involves cutting open a plasmid and pasting the desired gene into it using restriction enzymes and DNA ligase.

Front

What does MHC stand for and its significance?

Back

MHC stands for Major Histocompatibility Complex, which plays a critical role in the immune system by presenting antigens to T cells.

Front

What is the purpose of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

Back

Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the insertion of new genes during cloning.

Front

Explain the term 'organ transplant rejection'.

Back

Organ transplant rejection occurs when the recipient's immune system recognizes the transplanted organ as foreign and attacks it.

Front

What is the role of DNA ligase in cloning?

Back

DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, sealing the nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone.

Front

What is the significance of HLA typing in transplantation?

Back

HLA typing is crucial for matching donors and recipients to minimize the risk of transplant rejection.