PLTW Medical Interventions Unit 4

Front

What is the function of insulin?

Back

Insulin is a protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels.

Front

What is the first step of DNA cloning?

Back

The first step of DNA cloning involves cutting open a plasmid and pasting in a gene using restriction enzymes and DNA ligase.

Front

What does PRA stand for in immunology?

Back

PRA stands for Panel Reactive Antibody, which is used to determine different HLA antibodies in blood.

Front

How many stages are there in end stage renal disease?

Back

There are 5 stages of end stage renal disease.

Front

What is DNA ligase?

Back

DNA ligase is a DNA-joining enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together.

Front

What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

Back

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the insertion of new genes.

Front

Define plasmid.

Back

A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA that is separate from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

Front

What is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?

Back

MHC is a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are essential for the immune system to recognize foreign molecules.

Front

What is the significance of sticky ends in DNA cloning?

Back

Sticky ends are overhanging sequences of DNA that allow for the easy joining of DNA fragments during cloning.

Front

What is the purpose of heat shock in transformation?

Back

Heat shock is a method used to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing plasmid DNA to enter bacterial cells.