Unit 2.1 Macromolecules and Enzymes

Front

What are macromolecules?

Back

Macromolecules are large, complex molecules that are essential for life, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological processes?

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction.

Front

What are the four main types of macromolecules?

Back

The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Front

What are nucleotides?

Back

Nucleotides are the monomers that make up nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are monosaccharides?

Back

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules like glucose and fructose.

Front

What are fatty acids?

Back

Fatty acids are the building blocks of lipids, consisting of long hydrocarbon chains that can be saturated or unsaturated.

Front

How do enzymes affect reaction rates?

Back

Enzymes increase the rate of reactions by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy.

Front

What is the function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Back

Carbohydrates provide energy, serve as structural components, and play roles in cell recognition and signaling.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix formed by two strands of nucleotides, with complementary base pairing between adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine.

Front

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Back

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds.