EOC REVIEW: Evolution & Genetics Flashcardizz

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What is mRNA?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is transcription in genetics?

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Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of mRNA.

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What is the relationship between DNA and proteins?

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DNA contains the instructions for making proteins, and the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

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What is natural selection?

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Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

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What is evolution?

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Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

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What is a point mutation?

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A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence, which can affect protein function.

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What is a base substitution mutation?

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A base substitution mutation is a type of point mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another, potentially altering the amino acid sequence.

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What is an insertion mutation?

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An insertion mutation is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence, which can disrupt the reading frame.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A deletion mutation is the loss of one or more nucleotide base pairs from a DNA sequence, which can also disrupt the reading frame.

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What does it mean for organisms to have similar DNA sequences?

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Organisms with similar DNA sequences are likely to be closely related and may share common ancestors.