HeLa Unit Review

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What is the role of DNA Polymerase?

Back

DNA Polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to a growing DNA strand during DNA replication.

Front

How many amino acids are coded by a sequence of 12 nucleotides?

Back

A sequence of 12 nucleotides codes for 4 amino acids, as each amino acid is coded by a triplet of nucleotides.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced by another nucleotide.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence, potentially altering the reading frame.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence, which can also alter the reading frame.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation is caused by insertions or deletions that change the reading frame of the genetic code, potentially altering all downstream amino acids.

Front

What is the significance of the triplet code in DNA?

Back

The triplet code refers to the way in which three nucleotides correspond to one amino acid, forming the basis of protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of ligase in DNA replication?

Back

Ligase is the enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying DNA into RNA, while translation is the process of decoding RNA to synthesize proteins.