5.2 Flashcard Review - Reconstruction

Front

Which of the following amendments abolished slavery? 12, 13, 14, 15

Back

13

Answer explanation

Lincoln was able to get this ratified before he was assassinated. His plan for Reconstruction only called for southern states to ratify this amendment and pledge loyalty to the Union. The Radical Republicans thought this was soft.

Front

Which amendment granted full and equal protection under the law to ALL citizens?

Back

14

Answer explanation

You would think freeing the slaves would be enough to create equality, but many southern states still obstructed that. Republicans later added this to the Constitution and Reconstruction plan to give a legal basis for enforcing equality

Front

Which amendment granted all men the right to vote, regardless of color?

Back

15

Answer explanation

This was the last major effort for Reconstruction by the Radical Republicans. By this point, any southern state that wasn't readmitted back in yet had to ratify the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments and pledge loyalty. This is considered a huge victory, but this ushered a huge era of voter suppression in the South.

Front

What is one reason why Andrew Johnson did NOT clash with Congress?

Back

He defeated Lincoln in a close election

Answer explanation

Johnson was a Democrat from the South who ended up being Lincoln's VP. Lincoln brought Johnson in to hopefully bring the South back after the war. Johnson had the same Reconstruction plan as Lincoln: go easy on the South. Congress thought he was just a southerner, protecting other southerners.

Front

These were used to oppress African Americans, especially economically and socially: Black Codes, Jim Crow Laws, Court Cases, Amendments

Back

Black Codes

Answer explanation

Very similar to Jim Crow Laws, Black Codes were the first methods used by southern governments to oppress former slaves, limiting who they could have a relationship with, limiting what kind of jobs could be held, etc

Front

Jim Crow Laws were best known for

Back

segregation

Answer explanation

Jim Crow Laws were cemented by Plessy v Ferguson that made segregation legal, as long as it was equal (but obviously it was never equal)

Front

Another term for Tenant Farmer is

Back

sharecropper

Answer explanation

Remember, Sharecroppers rented their land, rented equipment and had to give most of their profits to the landlords

Front

Why was sharecropping so bad for freedmen?

Back

It created debt slavery

Answer explanation

This created a cycle of debt that few could break out of.

Front

What court case ruled that segregation was legal as long as it was "separate but equal"?

Back

Plessy v Ferguson

Answer explanation

This court case legitimized segregation and the South took full advantage of this verdict for the next 5 decades

Front

The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction by

Back

Making Hayes president and taking troops out of the South

Answer explanation

Samuel Tilden was a Democrat and could possibly been president in a very narrow election. Democrats decided to make a deal by allowing Hayes (Republican) to be president, but Congress would get the last troops out of the South