Data Collection & Experimental Design AP Statistics

Front

What is the primary advantage of experiments over observational studies?

Back

Experiments can usually give better evidence of causation.

Front

In an experiment, what is the term for the variable that is kept constant to ensure a fair test?

Back

Control variable.

Front

What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?

Back

The control group is not exposed to the treatment and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.

Front

What sampling method is used when a surveyor counts every 25th guest leaving a restaurant?

Back

Systematic Random Sampling.

Front

What are the key principles of a well-designed study?

Back

The principles include randomization, replication, and control.

Front

Define 'randomization' in the context of experimental design.

Back

Randomization is the process of randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups to eliminate bias.

Front

What is the difference between a dependent variable and an independent variable?

Back

The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher, while the dependent variable is measured to assess the effect of the independent variable.

Front

What is the role of replication in experimental design?

Back

Replication involves repeating an experiment multiple times to ensure that the results are consistent and reliable.

Front

Explain the concept of bias in research studies.

Back

Bias refers to systematic errors that can affect the validity of study results, often leading to incorrect conclusions.

Front

What is the significance of sample size in an experiment?

Back

A larger sample size increases the reliability of the results and reduces the margin of error.