Sub-Atomic Particles – Protons and Neutrons

The video tutorial explores the discovery and properties of subatomic particles. It begins with Goldstein's identification of canal rays, which are streams of positively charged particles, and their distinction from cathode rays. Thomson's work on the mass-to-charge ratio of these particles is discussed, highlighting their dependence on the gas used. The tutorial then covers Rutherford's discovery of protons in the nucleus, explaining the atomic mass discrepancies in helium. Finally, Chadwick's groundbreaking experiment in 1932 is detailed, revealing the existence of neutrons, neutral particles with a mass similar to protons, which contribute to atomic mass without affecting charge.

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