Hotspot Volcanism Concepts

The video explains hotspots as localized sources of heat that sustain volcanism, originating from thermal plumes deep within the Earth. It describes how these plumes cause mantle material to rise and convect, leading to volcanic activity beneath moving tectonic plates. As magma rises through the plate, it forms volcanoes that eventually get carried away by plate movement. The video also discusses how erosion affects volcanoes over time, leading to their subsidence.

What is a hotspot in the context of volcanism?

• A shallow magma reservoir beneath the crust

• A pipe of magma streaming from the outer core

• A localized source of high heat energy

• A type of earthquake

Where do hotspots potentially originate according to one theory?

• In the Earth's crust

• Between the liquid outer core and the mantle

• At the Earth's surface

• In the ocean

What is the process called where heated material rises and cooler material sinks?

• Conduction

• Diffusion

• Radiation

• Convection

How does magma reach the Earth's surface in hotspot volcanism?

• Via a network of cracks and shallow chambers

• By direct eruption from the mantle

• Through underwater vents

• Through a single large chamber

What happens to volcanoes that form over a thermal plume?

• They are dragged away on a moving plate

• They remain stationary

• They explode violently

• They sink into the ocean

Why can volcanoes erupt again after centuries of inactivity?

• Due to increased erosion

• Due to new magma from the outer core

• Because the moving plate drags the thermal plume with it

• Because they are stationary

What eventually causes a hotspot volcano to subside?

• Increased volcanic activity

• Erosion outpacing volcanism

• A decrease in magma supply

• A shift in tectonic plates