Graded Potentials, EPSPs, IPSPs, & Summation

The video tutorial explains the concept of graded potentials in neurons, focusing on the differences between graded and action potentials. It covers the resting membrane potential, the role of ion distribution, and how excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs) influence neuron activation. The tutorial also discusses the mechanisms of ion influx, the importance of reaching the action potential threshold, and provides examples of specific receptors and neurotransmitters like GABA and glutamate.

What are the mechanisms by which graded potentials can summate to reach the threshold?

How does the influx of sodium and calcium ions contribute to graded depolarization?

Discuss the role of neurotransmitters in the generation of graded potentials.

What is the difference between the effects of GABA and glutamate on neurons?