Gum inflammation triggered by vaping may lead to gum diseases

The study examined the gums of 123 individuals, including smokers, nonsmokers, and e-cigarette users. It found that e-cigarette use alters the microbial landscape of the gums, making healthy bacteria unrecognizable to the immune system, which triggers inflammation and coats bacteria with slime. This effect was noted even in non-nicotine e-cigarette users, suggesting the liquid itself may be responsible.

What inflammatory response is triggered in the gums as a result of e-cigarette use?

What did the researchers believe about the liquid in electronic cigarettes?