PHYSICS - Radiation - Nuclear Fusion

In the early 20th century, scientists struggled to explain the sun's energy output. Eddington proposed nuclear fusion as a solution, which was later detailed by Hans Bethe. Fusion involves combining light atomic nuclei to form a heavier one, releasing energy as described by Einstein's E=mc². Despite the potential for immense energy, the extreme conditions required for fusion are only naturally found in stars or momentarily in hydrogen bombs. Efforts like ITER aim to harness fusion for clean energy, but challenges remain in sustaining the reaction.

What are the conditions necessary for nuclear fusion to occur, and where can these conditions be found?

Discuss the significance of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in the context of fusion energy.