The Key to an Artificial Heart ... and Open-Heart Surgery

The video explores the evolution of heart surgery, focusing on the development of heart-lung bypass machines. It discusses historical challenges like blood coagulation and oxygenation, and how solutions like heparin and various oxygenation machines were developed. The video highlights John Gibbon's contributions and the transition to modern bypass machines using membrane technology, addressing their benefits and limitations.

Explain the advancements made by John Gibbon in the design of bypass machines.

What are the current challenges faced by bypass machines in heart surgeries?