Enzymes

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering activation energy. They work with substrates using a lock and key mechanism, where the substrate fits into the enzyme's active site. Enzymes are specific to substrates and can either break down or build up molecules. Factors like substrate concentration, pH, and temperature affect enzyme activity. Enzymes are used in various biological processes and industries, such as in washing powders and juice production.

What is the primary role of enzymes in biological reactions?

• To increase the activation energy

• To lower the activation energy

• To slow down the reaction rate

• To change the reaction products

How do enzymes and substrates interact according to the lock and key model?

• The enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate

• The enzyme and substrate repel each other

• The substrate changes shape to fit the enzyme

• The enzyme and substrate fit together without changing shape

What happens to enzyme activity when the temperature exceeds the optimum level?

• The enzyme becomes more active

• The enzyme denatures and loses activity

• The enzyme becomes inactive temporarily

• The enzyme remains unchanged

Why is it important to maintain a sufficient concentration of substrates for enzyme activity?

• To increase the enzyme's size

• To ensure the reaction rate is maximized

• To change the enzyme's active site

• To prevent enzyme denaturation

Which enzyme is used in the food industry to increase juice yield from fruits?

• Amylase

• Lipase

• Protease

• Pectinase