Organizational Structure of Administrative Agencies

The video tutorial explains the differences between executive and independent agencies, focusing on their structures and functions. Executive agencies have a single head, often part of the President's cabinet, with a corporate-like structure beneath. Independent agencies typically have a board of five to seven members with a regulatory focus. The judicial side of agencies involves administrative law judges who handle disputes without juries. The process for challenging decisions includes appeals to the agency's governing board and potentially to federal or state trial courts, which may conduct de Novo reviews. The tutorial emphasizes the protection of due process rights throughout these procedures.

What is a key difference between executive and independent agencies?

• Executive agencies are led by a board, while independent agencies are led by a single person.

• Executive agencies have a regulatory function, while independent agencies have an executive function.

• Executive agencies are always larger than independent agencies.

• Executive agencies are part of the President's cabinet, while independent agencies are governed by a board.

How are administrative law judges within agencies similar to Article 3 judges?

• They are elected by the public.

• They have governmental immunity and are not liable for their decisions.

• They are part of the President's cabinet.

• They serve for a fixed term of four years.

What role do administrative law judges play in agency disputes?

• They are responsible for enforcing the agency's regulations.

• They serve as fact finders and referees without a jury.

• They act as a jury in the proceedings.

• They only provide legal advice to the disputing parties.

What is the purpose of de Novo review in the appeals process?

• To limit the individual's right to appeal.

• To ensure the agency's decision is final.

• To collect additional evidence and review facts anew.

• To accept the administrative record without changes.

What can an individual do if they disagree with an administrative law judge's decision?

• Seek intervention from the Supreme Court directly.

• Appeal to the governing board of the agency or to a federal or state trial court.

• Request a new trial with a jury.

• File a complaint with the President's cabinet.